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CVS(1) CVS(1) NNAAMMEE cvs - Concurrent Versions System SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS ccvvss [ _c_v_s___o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___o_p_t_i_o_n_s ] [ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___a_r_g_s ] NNOOTTEE This manpage is a summary of some of the features of ccvvss but for more in-depth documentation, consult the Ced erqvist manual (as described in the SEE ALSO section of this manpage). DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN CVS is a version control system, which allows you to keep old versions of files (usually source code), keep a log of who, when, and why changes occurred, etc., like RCS or SCCS. Unlike the simpler systems, CVS does not just oper ate on one file at a time or one directory at a time, but operates on hierarchical collections of directories con sisting of version controlled files. CVS helps to manage releases and to control the concurrent editing of source files among multiple authors. CVS allows triggers to enable/log/control various operations and works well over a wide area network. ccvvss keeps a single copy of the master sources. This copy is called the source ``repository''; it contains all the information to permit extracting previous software releases at any time based on either a symbolic revision tag, or a date in the past. EESSSSEENNTTIIAALL CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ccvvss provides a rich variety of commands (_c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d in the Synopsis), each of which often has a wealth of options, to satisfy the many needs of source management in distributed environments. However, you don't have to mas ter every detail to do useful work with ccvvss; in fact, five commands are sufficient to use (and contribute to) the source repository. ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt _m_o_d_u_l_e_s... A necessary preliminary for most ccvvss work: creates your private copy of the source for _m_o_d_u_l_e_s (named collections of source; you can also use a path rel ative to the source repository here). You can work with this copy without interfering with others' work. At least one subdirectory level is always created. ccvvss uuppddaattee Execute this command from _w_i_t_h_i_n your private source directory when you wish to update your copies of source files from changes that other 1 CVS(1) CVS(1) developers have made to the source in the reposi tory. ccvvss aadddd _f_i_l_e... Use this command to enroll new files in ccvvss records of your working directory. The files will be added to the repository the next time you run `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt'. Note: You should use the `ccvvss iimmppoorrtt' command to bootstrap new sources into the source repository. `ccvvss aadddd' is only used for new files to an already checked-out module. ccvvss rreemmoovvee _f_i_l_e... Use this command (after erasing any files listed) to declare that you wish to eliminate files from the repository. The removal does not affect others until you run `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt'. ccvvss ccoommmmiitt _f_i_l_e... Use this command when you wish to ``publish'' your changes to other developers, by incorporating them in the source repository. OOPPTTIIOONNSS The ccvvss command line can include _c_v_s___o_p_t_i_o_n_s, which apply to the overall ccvvss program; a _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d, which specifies a particular action on the source repository; and _c_o_m_ _m_a_n_d___o_p_t_i_o_n_s and _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to fully specify what the _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d will do. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g_: you must be careful of precisely where you place options relative to the _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d. The same option can mean different things depending on whether it is in the _c_v_s___o_p_t_i_o_n_s position (to the left of a ccvvss command) or in the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___o_p_t_i_o_n_s position (to the right of a ccvvss com mand). There are only two situations where you may omit _c_v_s___c_o_m_ _m_a_n_d: `ccvvss --HH' or `ccvvss ----hheellpp' elicits a list of available commands, and `ccvvss --vv' or `ccvvss ----vveerrssiioonn' displays version information on ccvvss itself. CCVVSS OOPPTTIIOONNSS As of release 1.6, ccvvss supports GNU style long options as well as short options. Only a few long options are cur rently supported, these are listed in brackets after the short options whose functions they duplicate. Use these options to control the overall ccvvss program: --HH [[ ----hheellpp ]] Display usage information about the specified _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d (but do not actually execute the 2 CVS(1) CVS(1) command). If you don't specify a command name, `ccvvss --HH' displays a summary of all the commands available. --QQ Causes the command to be _r_e_a_l_l_y quiet; the command will generate output only for serious problems. --qq Causes the command to be somewhat quiet; informa tional messages, such as reports of recursion through subdirectories, are suppressed. --bb _b_i_n_d_i_r Use _b_i_n_d_i_r as the directory where RCS programs are located (CVS 1.9 and older). Overrides the setting of the RCSBIN environment variable. This value should be specified as an absolute pathname. --dd _C_V_S___r_o_o_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y Use _C_V_S___r_o_o_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y as the root directory path name of the master source repository. Overrides the setting of the CVSROOT environment variable. This value should be specified as an absolute path name. --ee _e_d_i_t_o_r Use _e_d_i_t_o_r to enter revision log information. Overrides the setting of the CVSEDITOR, VISUAL, and EDITOR environment variables. --ff Do not read the ccvvss startup file (_~_/_._c_v_s_r_c). --ll Do not log the _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d in the command history (but execute it anyway). See the description of the hhiissttoorryy command for information on command his tory. --nn Do not change any files. Attempt to execute the _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d, but only to issue reports; do not remove, update, or merge any existing files, or create any new files. --tt Trace program execution; display messages showing the steps of ccvvss activity. Particularly useful with --nn to explore the potential impact of an unfa miliar command. --rr Makes new working files read-only. Same effect as if the CVSREAD environment variable is set. --vv [[ ----vveerrssiioonn ]] Displays version and copyright information for ccvvss. --ww Makes new working files read-write (default). Overrides the setting of the CVSREAD environment 3 CVS(1) CVS(1) variable. --xx Encrypt all communication between the client and the server. As of this writing, this is only implemented when using a Kerberos connection. --zz _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_-_l_e_v_e_l When transferring files across the network use ggzziipp with compression level _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n_-_l_e_v_e_l to com press and de-compress data as it is transferred. Requires the presence of the GNU ggzziipp program in the current search path at both ends of the link. UUSSAAGGEE Except when requesting general help with `ccvvss --HH', you must specify a _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d to ccvvss to select a specific release control function to perform. Each ccvvss command accepts its own collection of options and arguments. How ever, many options are available across several commands. You can display a usage summary for each command by speci fying the --HH option with the command. CCVVSS SSTTAARRTTUUPP FFIILLEE Normally, when CVS starts up, it reads the _._c_v_s_r_c file from the home directory of the user reading it. This startup procedure can be turned off with the --ff flag. The _._c_v_s_r_c file lists CVS commands with a list of argu ments, one command per line. For example, the following line in _._c_v_s_r_c: diff -c will mean that the `ccvvss ddiiffff' command will always be passed the -c option in addition to any other options that are specified in the command line (in this case it will have the effect of producing context sensitive diffs for all executions of `ccvvss ddiiffff' ). CCVVSS CCOOMMMMAANNDD SSUUMMMMAARRYY Here are brief descriptions of all the ccvvss commands: aadddd Add a new file or directory to the repository, pending a `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' on the same file. Can only be done from within sources created by a previous `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt' invocation. Use `ccvvss iimmppoorrtt' to place whole new hierarchies of sources under ccvvss control. (Does not directly affect repository; changes working directory.) aaddmmiinn Execute control functions on the source repository. (Changes repository directly; uses working direc tory without changing it.) 4 CVS(1) CVS(1) cchheecckkoouutt Make a working directory of source files for edit ing. (Creates or changes working directory.) ccoommmmiitt Apply to the source repository changes, additions, and deletions from your working directory. (Changes repository.) ddiiffff Show differences between files in working directory and source repository, or between two revisions in source repository. (Does not change either reposi tory or working directory.) eexxppoorrtt Prepare copies of a set of source files for ship ment off site. Differs from `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt' in that no ccvvss administrative directories are created (and therefore `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' cannot be executed from a directory prepared with `ccvvss eexxppoorrtt'), and a sym bolic tag must be specified. (Does not change repository; creates directory similar to working directories). hhiissttoorryy Show reports on ccvvss commands that you or others have executed on a particular file or directory in the source repository. (Does not change repository or working directory.) History logs are kept only if enabled by creation of the `$$CCVVSSRROOOOTT//CCVVSSRROOOOTT//hhiissttoorryy' file; see ccvvss(55). iimmppoorrtt Incorporate a set of updates from off-site into the source repository, as a ``vendor branch''. (Changes repository.) iinniitt Initialize a repository by adding the CVSROOT sub directory and some default control files. You must use this command or initialize the repository in some other way before you can use it. lloogg Display log information. (Does not change reposi tory or working directory.) rrddiiffff Prepare a collection of diffs as a patch file between two releases in the repository. (Does not change repository or working directory.) rreelleeaassee Cancel a `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt', abandoning any changes. (Can delete working directory; no effect on reposi tory.) rreemmoovvee Remove files from the source repository, pending a `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' on the same files. (Does not directly affect repository; changes working directory.) 5 CVS(1) CVS(1) rrttaagg Explicitly specify a symbolic tag for particular revisions of files in the source repository. See also `ccvvss ttaagg'. (Changes repository directly; does not require or affect working directory.) ssttaattuuss Show current status of files: latest version, ver sion in working directory, whether working version has been edited and, optionally, symbolic tags in the RCS file. (Does not change repository or work ing directory.) ttaagg Specify a symbolic tag for files in the repository. By default, tags the revisions that were last syn chronized with your working directory. (Changes repository directly; uses working directory without changing it.) uuppddaattee Bring your working directory up to date with changes from the repository. Merges are performed automatically when possible; a warning is issued if manual resolution is required for conflicting changes. (Changes working directory; does not change repository.) CCOOMMMMOONN CCOOMMMMAANNDD OOPPTTIIOONNSS This section describes the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d___o_p_t_i_o_n_s that are avail able across several ccvvss commands. Not all commands sup port all of these options; each option is only supported for commands where it makes sense. However, when a com mand has one of these options you can count on the same meaning for the option as in other commands. (Other com mand options, which are listed with the individual com mands, may have different meanings from one ccvvss command to another.) _W_a_r_n_i_n_g_: the hhiissttoorryy command is an exception; it supports many options that conflict even with these standard options. --DD _d_a_t_e___s_p_e_c Use the most recent revision no later than _d_a_t_e___s_p_e_c (a single argument, date description specifying a date in the past). A wide variety of date formats are supported, in particular ISO ("1972-09-24 20:05") or Internet ("24 Sep 1972 20:05"). The _d_a_t_e___s_p_e_c is interpreted as being in the local timezone, unless a specific timezone is specified. The specification is ``sticky'' when you use it to make a private copy of a source file; that is, when you get a working file using --DD, ccvvss records the date you specified, so that further updates in the same directory will use the same date (unless you explicitly override it; see the description of the uuppddaattee command). --DD is avail able with the cchheecckkoouutt, ddiiffff, hhiissttoorryy, eexxppoorrtt, rrddiiffff, rrttaagg, and uuppddaattee commands. Examples of 6 CVS(1) CVS(1) valid date specifications include: 11 mmoonntthh aaggoo 22 hhoouurrss aaggoo 440000000000 sseeccoonnddss aaggoo llaasstt yyeeaarr llaasstt MMoonnddaayy yyeesstteerrddaayy aa ffoorrttnniigghhtt aaggoo 33//3311//9922 1100::0000::0077 PPSSTT JJaannuuaarryy 2233,, 11998877 1100::0055ppmm 2222::0000 GGMMTT --ff When you specify a particular date or tag to ccvvss commands, they normally ignore files that do not contain the tag (or did not exist on the date) that you specified. Use the --ff option if you want files retrieved even when there is no match for the tag or date. (The most recent version is used in this situation.) --ff is available with these commands: cchheecckkoouutt, eexxppoorrtt, rrddiiffff, rrttaagg, and uuppddaattee. --kk _k_f_l_a_g Alter the default processing of keywords. The --kk option is available with the aadddd, cchheecckkoouutt, ddiiffff, eexxppoorrtt, rrddiiffff, and uuppddaattee commands. Your _k_f_l_a_g specification is ``sticky'' when you use it to cre ate a private copy of a source file; that is, when you use this option with the cchheecckkoouutt or uuppddaattee commands, ccvvss associates your selected _k_f_l_a_g with the file, and continues to use it with future uuppddaattee commands on the same file until you specify otherwise. Some of the more useful _k_f_l_a_gs are -ko and -kb (for binary files), and -kv which is useful for an eexxppoorrtt where you wish to retain keyword information after an iimmppoorrtt at some other site. --ll Local; run only in current working directory, rather than recurring through subdirectories. Available with the following commands: cchheecckkoouutt, ccoommmmiitt, ddiiffff, eexxppoorrtt, rreemmoovvee, rrddiiffff, rrttaagg, ssttaattuuss, ttaagg, and uuppddaattee. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g_: this is not the same as the overall `ccvvss --ll' option, which you can specify to the _l_e_f_t of a ccvvss command! --nn Do _n_o_t run any cchheecckkoouutt/ccoommmmiitt/ttaagg/uuppddaattee program. (A program can be specified to run on each of these activities, in the modules database; this option bypasses it.) Available with the cchheecckkoouutt, ccoommmmiitt, eexxppoorrtt, and rrttaagg commands. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g_: this is not the same as the overall `ccvvss --nn' option, which you can specify to the _l_e_f_t of a ccvvss command! 7 CVS(1) CVS(1) --PP Prune (remove) directories that are empty after being updated, on cchheecckkoouutt, or uuppddaattee. Normally, an empty directory (one that is void of revision- controlled files) is left alone. Specifying --PP will cause these directories to be silently removed from your checked-out sources. This does not remove the directory from the repository, only from your checked out copy. Note that this option is implied by the --rr or --DD options of cchheecckkoouutt and eexxppoorrtt. --pp Pipe the files retrieved from the repository to standard output, rather than writing them in the current directory. Available with the cchheecckkoouutt and uuppddaattee commands. --rr _t_a_g Use the revision specified by the _t_a_g argument instead of the default ``head'' revision. As well as arbitrary tags defined with the ttaagg or rrttaagg com mand, two special tags are always available: `HHEEAADD' refers to the most recent version available in the repository, and `BBAASSEE' refers to the revision you last checked out into the current working direc tory. The _t_a_g specification is ``sticky'' when you use this option with `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt' or `ccvvss uuppddaattee' to make your own copy of a file: ccvvss remembers the _t_a_g and continues to use it on future uuppddaattee commands, until you specify otherwise. _t_a_g can be either a symbolic or numeric tag. Specifying the --qq global option along with the --rr command option is often useful, to suppress the warning messages when the RCS file does not contain the specified tag. --rr is available with the cchheecckkoouutt, ccoommmmiitt, ddiiffff, hhiissttoorryy, eexxppoorrtt, rrddiiffff, rrttaagg, and uuppddaattee commands. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g_: this is not the same as the overall `ccvvss --rr' option, which you can specify to the _l_e_f_t of a ccvvss command! CCVVSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Here (finally) are details on all the ccvvss commands and the options each accepts. The summary lines at the top of each command's description highlight three kinds of things: Command Options and Arguments Special options are described in detail below; common command options may appear only in the summary line. Working Directory, or Repository? Some ccvvss commands require a working directory to operate; some require a repository. Also, some 8 CVS(1) CVS(1) commands _c_h_a_n_g_e the repository, some change the working directory, and some change nothing. Synonyms Many commands have synonyms, which you may find easier to remember (or type) than the principal name. aadddd [--kk _k_f_l_a_g] [--mm ''_m_e_s_s_a_g_e''] _f_i_l_e_s_._._. _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: repository, working directory. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: working directory. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_: nneeww Use the aadddd command to create a new file or direc tory in the source repository. The files or direc tories specified with aadddd must already exist in the current directory (which must have been created with the cchheecckkoouutt command). To add a whole new directory hierarchy to the source repository (for example, files received from a third-party vendor), use the `ccvvss iimmppoorrtt' command instead. If the argument to `ccvvss aadddd' refers to an immediate sub-directory, the directory is created at the cor rect place in the source repository, and the neces sary ccvvss administration files are created in your working directory. If the directory already exists in the source repository, `ccvvss aadddd' still creates the administration files in your version of the directory. This allows you to use `ccvvss aadddd' to add a particular directory to your private sources even if someone else created that directory after your cchheecckkoouutt of the sources. You can do the following: eexxaammppllee%% mmkkddiirr nneeww__ddiirreeccttoorryy eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss aadddd nneeww__ddiirreeccttoorryy eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss uuppddaattee nneeww__ddiirreeccttoorryy An alternate approach using `ccvvss uuppddaattee' might be: eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss uuppddaattee --dd nneeww__ddiirreeccttoorryy (To add _a_n_y _a_v_a_i_l_a_b_l_e new directories to your work ing directory, it's probably simpler to use `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt' or `ccvvss uuppddaattee --dd'.) The added files are not placed in the source repos itory until you use `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' to make the change permanent. Doing a `ccvvss aadddd' on a file that was removed with the `ccvvss rreemmoovvee' command will resur rect the file, if no `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' command inter vened. You will have the opportunity to specify a logging 9 CVS(1) CVS(1) message, as usual, when you use `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' to make the new file permanent. If you'd like to have another logging message associated with just _c_r_e_ _a_t_i_o_n of the file (for example, to describe the file's purpose), you can specify it with the `--mm _m_e_s_s_a_g_e' option to the aadddd command. The `--kk kkffllaagg' option specifies the default way that this file will be checked out. The `kkffllaagg' argument is stored in the RCS file and can be changed with `ccvvss aaddmmiinn'. Specifying `--kkoo' is use ful for checking in binaries that shouldn't have keywords expanded. aaddmmiinn [_r_c_s_-_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _f_i_l_e_s_._._. _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: repository, working directory. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: repository. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_: rrccss This is the ccvvss interface to assorted administra tive facilities, similar to rrccss(11). This command works recursively, so extreme care should be used. cchheecckkoouutt [ooppttiioonnss] _m_o_d_u_l_e_s... _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: repository. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: working directory. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_s_: ccoo, ggeett Make a working directory containing copies of the source files specified by _m_o_d_u_l_e_s. You must exe cute `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt' before using most of the other ccvvss commands, since most of them operate on your working directory. _m_o_d_u_l_e_s are either symbolic names (themselves defined as the module `mmoodduulleess' in the source repository; see ccvvss(55)) for some collection of source directories and files, or paths to directo ries or files in the repository. Depending on the _m_o_d_u_l_e_s you specify, cchheecckkoouutt may recursively create directories and populate them with the appropriate source files. You can then edit these source files at any time (regardless of whether other software developers are editing their own copies of the sources); update them to include new changes applied by others to the source reposi tory; or commit your work as a permanent change to the repository. Note that cchheecckkoouutt is used to create directories. The top-level directory created is always added to the directory where cchheecckkoouutt is invoked, and usu ally has the same name as the specified _m_o_d_u_l_e. In the case of a _m_o_d_u_l_e alias, the created sub-direc tory may have a different name, but you can be sure 10 CVS(1) CVS(1) that it will be a sub-directory, and that cchheecckkoouutt will show the relative path leading to each file as it is extracted into your private work area (unless you specify the --QQ global option). Running `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt' on a directory that was already built by a prior cchheecckkoouutt is also permit ted, and has the same effect as specifying the --dd option to the uuppddaattee command described below. The _o_p_t_i_o_n_s permitted with `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt' include the standard command options --PP, --ff, --kk _k_f_l_a_g , --ll, --nn, --pp, --rr _t_a_g, and --DD _d_a_t_e. In addition to those, you can use these special command options with cchheecckkoouutt: Use the --AA option to reset any sticky tags, dates, or --kk options. (If you get a working file using one of the --rr, --DD, or --kk options, ccvvss remembers the corresponding tag, date, or _k_f_l_a_g and continues using it on future updates; use the --AA option to make ccvvss forget these specifications, and retrieve the ``head'' version of the file). The --jj _b_r_a_n_c_h option merges the changes made between the resulting revision and the revision that it is based on (e.g., if the tag refers to a branch, ccvvss will merge all changes made in that branch into your working file). With two --jj options, ccvvss will merge in the changes between the two respective revisions. This can be used to ``remove'' a certain delta from your work ing file. In addition, each --jj option can contain on optional date specification which, when used with branches, can limit the chosen revision to one within a spe cific date. An optional date is specified by adding a colon (:) to the tag. An example might be what `ccvvss iimmppoorrtt' tells you to do when you have just imported sources that have conflicts with local changes: eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt --jjTTAAGG::yyeesstteerrddaayy --jjTTAAGG mmoodduullee Use the --NN option with `--dd _d_i_r' to avoid shortening module paths in your working directory. (Nor mally, ccvvss shortens paths as much as possible when you specify an explicit target directory.) Use the --cc option to copy the module file, sorted, to the standard output, instead of creating or 11 CVS(1) CVS(1) modifying any files or directories in your working directory. Use the --dd _d_i_r option to create a directory called _d_i_r for the working files, instead of using the module name. Unless you also use --NN, the paths created under _d_i_r will be as short as possible. Use the --ss option to display per-module status information stored with the --ss option within the modules file. ccoommmmiitt [--llnnRR] [--mm '_l_o_g___m_e_s_s_a_g_e' | --ff _f_i_l_e] [--rr _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n] [_f_i_l_e_s_._._.] _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: working directory, repository. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: repository. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_: ccii Use `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' when you want to incorporate changes from your working source files into the general source repository. If you don't specify particular _f_i_l_e_s to commit, all of the files in your working current directory are examined. ccoommmmiitt is careful to change in the repository only those files that you have really changed. By default (or if you explicitly specify the --RR option), files in subdirectories are also examined and committed if they have changed; you can use the --ll option to limit ccoommmmiitt to the cur rent directory only. Sometimes you may want to force a file to be committed even though it is unchanged; this is achieved with the --ff flag, which also has the effect of disabling recursion (you can turn it back on with --RR of course). ccoommmmiitt verifies that the selected files are up to date with the current revisions in the source repository; it will notify you, and exit without committing, if any of the specified files must be made current first with `ccvvss uuppddaattee'. ccoommmmiitt does not call the uuppddaattee command for you, but rather leaves that for you to do when the time is right. When all is well, an editor is invoked to allow you to enter a log message that will be written to one or more logging programs and placed in the source repository file. You can instead specify the log message on the command line with the --mm option, thus suppressing the editor invocation, or use the --FF option to specify that the argument _f_i_l_e con tains the log message. The --rr option can be used to commit to a particular symbolic or numeric revision. For example, to 12 CVS(1) CVS(1) bring all your files up to the revision ``3.0'' (including those that haven't changed), you might do: eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss ccoommmmiitt --rr33..00 ccvvss will only allow you to commit to a revision that is on the main trunk (a revision with a single dot). However, you can also commit to a branch revision (one that has an even number of dots) with the --rr option. To create a branch revision, one typically use the --bb option of the rrttaagg or ttaagg com mands. Then, either cchheecckkoouutt or uuppddaattee can be used to base your sources on the newly created branch. From that point on, all ccoommmmiitt changes made within these working sources will be automatically added to a branch revision, thereby not perturbing main- line development in any way. For example, if you had to create a patch to the 1.2 version of the product, even though the 2.0 version is already under development, you might do: eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss rrttaagg --bb --rrFFCCSS11__22 FFCCSS11__22__PPaattcchh pprroodduucctt__mmoodduullee eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt --rrFFCCSS11__22__PPaattcchh pprroodduucctt__mmoodduullee eexxaammppllee%% ccdd pprroodduucctt__mmoodduullee [[[[ hhaacckk aawwaayy ]]]] eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss ccoommmmiitt Say you have been working on some extremely experi mental software, based on whatever revision you happened to checkout last week. If others in your group would like to work on this software with you, but without disturbing main-line development, you could commit your change to a new branch. Others can then checkout your experimental stuff and uti lize the full benefit of ccvvss conflict resolution. The scenario might look like: eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss ttaagg --bb EEXXPPRR11 eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss uuppddaattee --rrEEXXPPRR11 [[[[ hhaacckk aawwaayy ]]]] eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss ccoommmmiitt Others would simply do `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt --rrEEXXPPRR11 wwhhaatteevveerr__mmoodduullee' to work with you on the experimen tal change. ddiiffff [--kkll] [_r_c_s_d_i_f_f___o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [[--rr _r_e_v_1 | --DD _d_a_t_e_1] [--rr _r_e_v_2 | --DD _d_a_t_e_2]] [_f_i_l_e_s_._._.] _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: working directory, repository. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: nothing. You can compare your working files with revisions in the source repository, with the `ccvvss ddiiffff' com mand. If you don't specify a particular revision, 13 CVS(1) CVS(1) your files are compared with the revisions they were based on. You can also use the standard ccvvss command option --rr to specify a particular revision to compare your files with. Finally, if you use --rr twice, you can see differences between two revi sions in the repository. You can also specify --DD options to diff against a revision in the past. The --rr and --DD options can be mixed together with at most two options ever specified. See rrccssddiiffff(11) for a list of other accepted options. If you don't specify any files, ddiiffff will display differences for all those files in the current directory (and its subdirectories, unless you use the standard option --ll) that differ from the corre sponding revision in the source repository (i.e. files that _y_o_u have changed), or that differ from the revision specified. eexxppoorrtt [-ffllNNnnQQqq] --rr _r_e_v|--DD _d_a_t_e [--dd _d_i_r] [--kk _k_f_l_a_g] _m_o_d_u_l_e... _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: repository. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: current directory. This command is a variant of `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt'; use it when you want a copy of the source for _m_o_d_u_l_e with out the ccvvss administrative directories. For exam ple, you might use `ccvvss eexxppoorrtt' to prepare source for shipment off-site. This command _r_e_q_u_i_r_e_s that you specify a date or tag (with --DD or --rr), so that you can count on reproducing the source you ship to others. The only non-standard options are `--dd _d_i_r' (write the source into directory _d_i_r) and `--NN' (don't shorten module paths). These have the same mean ings as the same options in `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt'. The --kkvv option is useful when eexxppoorrtt is used. This causes any keywords to be expanded such that an iimmppoorrtt done at some other site will not lose the keyword revision information. Other _k_f_l_a_gs may be used with `ccvvss eexxppoorrtt' and are described in ccoo(11). hhiissttoorryy [--_r_e_p_o_r_t] [--_f_l_a_g_s] [--_o_p_t_i_o_n_s _a_r_g_s] [_f_i_l_e_s...] _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: the file `$$CCVVSSRROOOOTT//CCVVSSRROOOOTT//hhiissttoorryy' _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: nothing. ccvvss keeps a history file that tracks each use of the cchheecckkoouutt, ccoommmmiitt, rrttaagg, uuppddaattee, and rreelleeaassee commands. You can use `ccvvss hhiissttoorryy' to display this information in various formats. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g_: `ccvvss hhiissttoorryy' uses `--ff', `--ll', `--nn', and 14 CVS(1) CVS(1) `--pp' in ways that conflict with the descriptions in COMMON COMMAND OPTIONS. Several options (shown above as --_r_e_p_o_r_t) control what kind of report is generated: --cc Report on each time ccoommmmiitt was used (i.e., each time the repository was modified). --mm _m_o_d_u_l_e Report on a particular _m_o_d_u_l_e. (You can mean ingfully use --mm more than once on the command line.) --oo Report on checked-out modules. --TT Report on all tags. --xx _t_y_p_e Extract a particular set of record types _X from the ccvvss history. The types are indicated by single letters, which you may specify in combi nation. Certain commands have a single record type: cchheecckkoouutt (type `O'), rreelleeaassee (type `F'), and rrttaagg (type `T'). One of four record types may result from an uuppddaattee: `W', when the working copy of a file is deleted during update (because it was gone from the repository); `U', when a working file was copied from the repository; `G', when a merge was necessary and it suc ceeded; and 'C', when a merge was necessary but collisions were detected (requiring manual merg ing). Finally, one of three record types results from ccoommmmiitt: `M', when a file was modi fied; `A', when a file is first added; and `R', when a file is removed. --ee Everything (all record types); equivalent to specifying `--xxMMAACCFFRROOGGWWUUTT'. --zz _z_o_n_e Use time zone _z_o_n_e when outputting history records. The zone name LLTT stands for local time; numeric offsets stand for hours and min utes ahead of UTC. For example, ++00553300 stands for 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of (i.e. east of) UTC. The options shown as --_f_l_a_g_s constrain the report without requiring option arguments: --aa Show data for all users (the default is to show data only for the user executing `ccvvss hhiissttoorryy'). 15 CVS(1) CVS(1) --ll Show last modification only. --ww Show only the records for modifications done from the same working directory where `ccvvss hhiissttoorryy' is executing. The options shown as --_o_p_t_i_o_n_s _a_r_g_s constrain the report based on an argument: --bb _s_t_r Show data back to a record containing the string _s_t_r in either the module name, the file name, or the repository path. --DD _d_a_t_e Show data since _d_a_t_e. --pp _r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_y Show data for a particular source repository (you can specify several --pp options on the same command line). --rr _r_e_v Show records referring to revisions since the revision or tag named _r_e_v appears in individual RCS files. Each RCS file is searched for the revision or tag. --tt _t_a_g Show records since tag _t_a_g was last added to the history file. This differs from the --rr flag above in that it reads only the history file, not the RCS files, and is much faster. --uu _n_a_m_e Show records for user _n_a_m_e. iimmppoorrtt [--_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_y _v_e_n_d_o_r_t_a_g _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_t_a_g... _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: Repository, source distribution direc tory. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: repository. Use `ccvvss iimmppoorrtt' to incorporate an entire source distribution from an outside source (e.g., a source vendor) into your source repository directory. You can use this command both for initial creation of a repository, and for wholesale updates to the module form the outside source. The _r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_y argument gives a directory name (or a path to a directory) under the CVS root directory for repositories; if the directory did not exist, iimmppoorrtt creates it. 16 CVS(1) CVS(1) When you use iimmppoorrtt for updates to source that has been modified in your source repository (since a prior iimmppoorrtt), it will notify you of any files that conflict in the two branches of development; use `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt --jj' to reconcile the differences, as iimmppoorrtt instructs you to do. By default, certain file names are ignored during `ccvvss iimmppoorrtt': names associated with CVS administra tion, or with other common source control systems; common names for patch files, object files, archive files, and editor backup files; and other names that are usually artifacts of assorted utilities. For an up to date list of ignored file names, see the Cederqvist manual (as described in the SEE ALSO section of this manpage). The outside source is saved in a first-level branch, by default `11..11..11'. Updates are leaves of this branch; for example, files from the first imported collection of source will be revision `11..11..11..11', then files from the first imported update will be revision `11..11..11..22', and so on. At least three arguments are required. _r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_y is needed to identify the collection of source. _v_e_n_d_o_r_t_a_g is a tag for the entire branch (e.g., for `11..11..11'). You must also specify at least one _r_e_l_e_a_s_e_t_a_g to identify the files at the leaves cre ated each time you execute `ccvvss iimmppoorrtt'. One of the standard ccvvss command options is avail able: --mm _m_e_s_s_a_g_e. If you do not specify a logging message with --mm, your editor is invoked (as with ccoommmmiitt) to allow you to enter one. There are three additional special options. Use `--dd' to specify that each file's time of last modification should be used for the checkin date and time. Use `--bb _b_r_a_n_c_h' to specify a first-level branch other than `11..11..11'. Use `--II _n_a_m_e' to specify file names that should be ignored during iimmppoorrtt. You can use this option repeatedly. To avoid ignoring any files at all (even those ignored by default), specify `--II !!'. lloogg [--ll] _r_l_o_g_-_o_p_t_i_o_n_s _[_f_i_l_e_s...] _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: repository, working directory. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: nothing. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_: rrlloogg 17 CVS(1) CVS(1) Display log information for _f_i_l_e_s. Among the more useful options are --hh to display only the header (including tag definitions, but omitting most of the full log); --rr to select logs on particular revisions or ranges of revisions; and --dd to select particular dates or date ranges. See rrlloogg(11) for full explanations. This command is recursive by default, unless the --ll option is specified. rrddiiffff [--_f_l_a_g_s] [--VV _v_n] [--rr _t|--DD _d [--rr _t_2|--DD _d_2]] _m_o_d_u_l_e_s_._._. _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: repository. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: nothing. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_: ppaattcchh Builds a Larry Wall format ppaattcchh(11) file between two releases, that can be fed directly into the ppaattcchh program to bring an old release up-to-date with the new release. (This is one of the few ccvvss commands that operates directly from the reposi tory, and doesn't require a prior cchheecckkoouutt.) The diff output is sent to the standard output device. You can specify (using the standard --rr and --DD options) any combination of one or two revisions or dates. If only one revision or date is specified, the patch file reflects differences between that revision or date and the current ``head'' revisions in the RCS file. Note that if the software release affected is con tained in more than one directory, then it may be necessary to specify the --pp option to the ppaattcchh command when patching the old sources, so that ppaattcchh is able to find the files that are located in other directories. The standard option _f_l_a_g_s --ff, and --ll are available with this command. There are also several special options flags: If you use the --ss option, no patch output is pro duced. Instead, a summary of the changed or added files between the two releases is sent to the stan dard output device. This is useful for finding out, for example, which files have changed between two dates or revisions. If you use the --tt option, a diff of the top two revisions is sent to the standard output device. This is most useful for seeing what the last change to a file was. If you use the --uu option, the patch output uses the newer ``unidiff'' format for context diffs. 18 CVS(1) CVS(1) You can use --cc to explicitly specify the `ddiiffff --cc' form of context diffs (which is the default), if you like. rreelleeaassee [--ddQQqq] _m_o_d_u_l_e_s... _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: Working directory. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: Working directory, history log. This command is meant to safely cancel the effect of `ccvvss cchheecckkoouutt''..' Since ccvvss doesn't lock files, it isn't strictly necessary to use this command. You can always simply delete your working direc tory, if you like; but you risk losing changes you may have forgotten, and you leave no trace in the ccvvss history file that you've abandoned your check out. Use `ccvvss rreelleeaassee' to avoid these problems. This command checks that no un-committed changes are present; that you are executing it from immediately above, or inside, a ccvvss working directory; and that the repository recorded for your files is the same as the repository defined in the module database. If all these conditions are true, `ccvvss rreelleeaassee' leaves a record of its execution (attesting to your intentionally abandoning your checkout) in the ccvvss history log. You can use the --dd flag to request that your work ing copies of the source files be deleted if the rreelleeaassee succeeds. rreemmoovvee [--llRR] [_f_i_l_e_s_._._.] _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: Working directory. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: Working directory. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_s_: rrmm, ddeelleettee Use this command to declare that you wish to remove _f_i_l_e_s from the source repository. Like most ccvvss commands, `ccvvss rreemmoovvee' works on files in your work ing directory, not directly on the repository. As a safeguard, it also requires that you first erase the specified files from your working directory. The files are not actually removed until you apply your changes to the repository with ccoommmmiitt; at that point, the corresponding RCS files in the source repository are _m_o_v_e_d into the `AAttttiicc' directory (also within the source repository). This command is recursive by default, scheduling all physically removed files that it finds for removal by the next ccoommmmiitt. Use the --ll option to avoid this recursion, or just specify that actual files that you wish remove to consider. 19 CVS(1) CVS(1) rrttaagg [--ffaallnnRRQQqq] [--bb] [--dd] [--rr _t_a_g | --DD _d_a_t_e] _s_y_m_ _b_o_l_i_c___t_a_g _m_o_d_u_l_e_s_._._. _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: repository. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: repository. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_: rrffrreeeezzee You can use this command to assign symbolic tags to particular, explicitly specified source versions in the repository. `ccvvss rrttaagg' works directly on the repository contents (and requires no prior cchheecckk oouutt). Use `ccvvss ttaagg' instead, to base the selection of versions to tag on the contents of your working directory. In general, tags (often the symbolic names of soft ware distributions) should not be removed, but the --dd option is available as a means to remove com pletely obsolete symbolic names if necessary (as might be the case for an Alpha release, say). `ccvvss rrttaagg' will not move a tag that already exists. With the --FF option, however, `ccvvss rrttaagg' will re- locate any instance of _s_y_m_b_o_l_i_c___t_a_g that already exists on that file to the new repository versions. Without the --FF option, attempting to use `ccvvss rrttaagg' to apply a tag that already exists on that file will produce an error message. The --bb option makes the tag a ``branch'' tag, allowing concurrent, isolated development. This is most useful for creating a patch to a previously released software distribution. You can use the standard --rr and --DD options to tag only those files that already contain a certain tag. This method would be used to rename a tag: tag only the files identified by the old tag, then delete the old tag, leaving the new tag on exactly the same files as the old tag. rrttaagg executes recursively by default, tagging all subdirectories of _m_o_d_u_l_e_s you specify in the argu ment. You can restrict its operation to top-level directories with the standard --ll option; or you can explicitly request recursion with --RR. The modules database can specify a program to exe cute whenever a tag is specified; a typical use is to send electronic mail to a group of interested parties. If you want to bypass that program, use the standard --nn option. Use the --aa option to have rrttaagg look in the `AAttttiicc' for removed files that contain the specified tag. The tag is removed from these files, which makes it 20 CVS(1) CVS(1) convenient to re-use a symbolic tag as development continues (and files get removed from the up-coming distribution). ssttaattuuss [--llRRqqQQ] [--vv] [_f_i_l_e_s...] _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: working directory, repository. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: nothing. Display a brief report on the current status of _f_i_l_e_s with respect to the source repository, including any ``sticky'' tags, dates, or --kk options. (``Sticky'' options will restrict how `ccvvss uuppddaattee' operates until you reset them; see the description of `ccvvss uuppddaattee --AA......'.) You can also use this command to anticipate the potential impact of a `ccvvss uuppddaattee' on your working source directory. If you do not specify any _f_i_l_e_s explicitly, reports are shown for all files that ccvvss has placed in your working directory. You can limit the scope of this search to the current directory itself (not its subdirectories) with the standard --ll option flag; or you can explicitly request recursive status reports with the --RR option. The --vv option causes the symbolic tags for the RCS file to be displayed as well. ttaagg [--llQQqqRR] [--FF] [--bb] [--dd] [--rr _t_a_g | --DD _d_a_t_e] [--ff] _s_y_m_ _b_o_l_i_c___t_a_g [_f_i_l_e_s...] _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: working directory, repository. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: repository. _S_y_n_o_n_y_m_: ffrreeeezzee Use this command to assign symbolic tags to the nearest repository versions to your working sources. The tags are applied immediately to the repository, as with rrttaagg. One use for tags is to record a ``snapshot'' of the current sources when the software freeze date of a project arrives. As bugs are fixed after the freeze date, only those changed sources that are to be part of the release need be re-tagged. The symbolic tags are meant to permanently record which revisions of which files were used in creat ing a software distribution. The cchheecckkoouutt, eexxppoorrtt and uuppddaattee commands allow you to extract an exact copy of a tagged release at any time in the future, regardless of whether files have been changed, added, or removed since the release was tagged. You can use the standard --rr and --DD options to tag only those files that already contain a certain 21 CVS(1) CVS(1) tag. This method would be used to rename a tag: tag only the files identified by the old tag, then delete the old tag, leaving the new tag on exactly the same files as the old tag. Specifying the --ff flag in addition to the --rr or --DD flags will tag those files named on the command line even if they do not contain the old tag or did not exist on the specified date. By default (without a --rr or --DD flag) the versions to be tagged are supplied implicitly by the ccvvss records of your working files' history rather than applied explicitly. If you use `ccvvss ttaagg --dd _s_y_m_b_o_l_i_c___t_a_g......', the sym bolic tag you specify is _d_e_l_e_t_e_d instead of being added. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g: Be very certain of your ground before you delete a tag; doing this effectively discards some historical information, which may later turn out to have been valuable. `ccvvss ttaagg' will not move a tag that already exists. With the --FF option, however, `ccvvss ttaagg' will re- locate any instance of _s_y_m_b_o_l_i_c___t_a_g that already exists on that file to the new repository versions. Without the --FF option, attempting to use `ccvvss ttaagg' to apply a tag that already exists on that file will produce an error message. The --bb option makes the tag a ``branch'' tag, allowing concurrent, isolated development. This is most useful for creating a patch to a previously released software distribution. Normally, ttaagg executes recursively through subdi rectories; you can prevent this by using the stan dard --ll option, or specify the recursion explicitly by using --RR. uuppddaattee [--AACCddffllPPppQQqqRR] [--dd] [--rr _t_a_g|--DD _d_a_t_e] _f_i_l_e_s_._._. _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_s_: repository, working directory. _C_h_a_n_g_e_s_: working directory. After you've run cchheecckkoouutt to create your private copy of source from the common repository, other developers will continue changing the central source. From time to time, when it is convenient in your development process, you can use the uuppddaattee command from within your working directory to rec oncile your work with any revisions applied to the source repository since your last cchheecckkoouutt or uuppddaattee. uuppddaattee keeps you informed of its progress by 22 CVS(1) CVS(1) printing a line for each file, prefaced with one of the characters `UU AA RR MM CC ??' to indicate the status of the file: UU _f_i_l_e The file was brought _u_p _t_o _d_a_t_e with respect to the repository. This is done for any file that exists in the repository but not in your source, and for files that you haven't changed but are not the most recent versions available in the repository. AA _f_i_l_e The file has been _a_d_d_e_d to your private copy of the sources, and will be added to the source repository when you run `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' on the file. This is a reminder to you that the file needs to be committed. RR _f_i_l_e The file has been _r_e_m_o_v_e_d from your private copy of the sources, and will be removed from the source repository when you run `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' on the file. This is a reminder to you that the file needs to be committed. MM _f_i_l_e The file is _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_d in your working directory. `MM' can indicate one of two states for a file you're working on: either there were no modifi cations to the same file in the repository, so that your file remains as you last saw it; or there were modifications in the repository as well as in your copy, but they were _m_e_r_g_e_d suc cessfully, without conflict, in your working directory. CC _f_i_l_e A _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t was detected while trying to merge your changes to _f_i_l_e with changes from the source repository. _f_i_l_e (the copy in your work ing directory) is now the result of merging the two versions; an unmodified copy of your file is also in your working directory, with the name `..##_f_i_l_e.._v_e_r_s_i_o_n', where _v_e_r_s_i_o_n is the revision that your modified file started from. (Note that some systems automatically purge files that begin with `..##' if they have not been accessed for a few days. If you intend to keep a copy of your original file, it is a very good idea to rename it.) ?? _f_i_l_e _f_i_l_e is in your working directory, but does not correspond to anything in the source repository, and is not in the list of files for ccvvss to ignore (see the description of the --II option). Use the --AA option to reset any sticky tags, dates, or 23 CVS(1) CVS(1) --kk options. (If you get a working copy of a file by using one of the --rr, --DD, or --kk options, ccvvss remembers the corresponding tag, date, or _k_f_l_a_g and continues using it on future updates; use the --AA option to make ccvvss forget these specifications, and retrieve the ``head'' version of the file). The --jj_b_r_a_n_c_h option merges the changes made between the resulting revision and the revision that it is based on (e.g., if the tag refers to a branch, ccvvss will merge all changes made in that branch into your working file). With two --jj options, ccvvss will merge in the changes between the two respective revisions. This can be used to ``remove'' a certain delta from your working file. E.g., If the file foo.c is based on revision 1.6 and I want to remove the changes made between 1.3 and 1.5, I might do: eexxaammppllee%% ccvvss uuppddaattee --jj11..55 --jj11..33 ffoooo..cc ## nnoottee tthhee oorrddeerr...... In addition, each --jj option can contain on optional date specification which, when used with branches, can limit the chosen revision to one within a spe cific date. An optional date is specified by adding a colon (:) to the tag. --jjSSyymmbboolliicc__TTaagg::DDaattee__SSppeecciiffiieerr Use the --dd option to create any directories that exist in the repository if they're missing from the working directory. (Normally, update acts only on directories and files that were already enrolled in your working directory.) This is useful for updating directories that were created in the repository since the initial cchheecckkoouutt; but it has an unfortunate side effect. If you deliberately avoided certain directo ries in the repository when you created your working directory (either through use of a module name or by listing explicitly the files and directories you wanted on the command line), then updating with --dd will create those directories, which may not be what you want. Use --II _n_a_m_e to ignore files whose names match _n_a_m_e (in your working directory) during the update. You can specify --II more than once on the command line to specify several files to ignore. By default, uuppddaattee ignores files whose names match certain patterns; for an up to date list of ignored file names, see the Cederqvist manual (as described in the SEE ALSO sec tion of this manpage). 24 CVS(1) CVS(1) Use `--II !!' to avoid ignoring any files at all. Use the `--CC' option to overwrite locally modified files with clean copies from the repository (the mod ified file is saved in `..##_f_i_l_e.._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n', however). The standard ccvvss command options --ff, --kk, --ll, --PP, --pp, and --rr are also available with uuppddaattee. FFIILLEESS For more detailed information on ccvvss supporting files, see ccvvss(55). _F_i_l_e_s _i_n _h_o_m_e _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s_: .cvsrc The ccvvss initialisation file. Lines in this file can be used to specify default options for each ccvvss command. For example the line `ddiiffff --cc' will ensure that `ccvvss ddiiffff' is always passed the --cc option in addition to any other options passed on the command line. .cvswrappers Specifies wrappers to be used in addition to those specified in the CVSROOT/cvswrappers file in the repository. _F_i_l_e_s _i_n _w_o_r_k_i_n_g _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_i_e_s_: CVS A directory of ccvvss administrative files. _D_o _n_o_t _d_e_l_e_t_e_. CVS/Entries List and status of files in your working directory. CVS/Entries.Backup A backup of `CCVVSS//EEnnttrriieess'. CVS/Entries.Static Flag: do not add more entries on `ccvvss uuppddaattee'. CVS/Root Pathname to the repository ( CVSROOT ) location at the time of checkout. This file is used instead of the CVSROOT environment variable if the environment variable is not set. A warning message will be issued when the contents of this file and the CVS ROOT environment variable differ. The file may be over-ridden by the presence of the CVS_IGNORE_REMOTE_ROOT environment variable. CVS/Repository Pathname to the corresponding directory in the source repository. 25 CVS(1) CVS(1) CVS/Tag Contains the per-directory ``sticky'' tag or date information. This file is created/updated when you specify --rr or --DD to the cchheecckkoouutt or uuppddaattee com mands, and no files are specified. CVS/Checkin.prog Name of program to run on `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt'. CVS/Update.prog Name of program to run on `ccvvss uuppddaattee'. _F_i_l_e_s _i_n _s_o_u_r_c_e _r_e_p_o_s_i_t_o_r_i_e_s_: $CVSROOT/CVSROOT Directory of global administrative files for repos itory. CVSROOT/commitinfo,v Records programs for filtering `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' requests. CVSROOT/cvswrappers,v Records ccvvss wrapper commands to be used when check ing files into and out of the repository. Wrappers allow the file or directory to be processed on the way in and out of CVS. The intended uses are many, one possible use would be to reformat a C file before the file is checked in, so all of the code in the repository looks the same. CVSROOT/editinfo,v Records programs for editing/validating `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' log entries. CVSROOT/history Log file of ccvvss transactions. CVSROOT/loginfo,v Records programs for piping `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' log entries. CVSROOT/modules,v Definitions for modules in this repository. CVSROOT/rcsinfo,v Records pathnames to templates used during a `ccvvss ccoommmmiitt' operation. CVSROOT/taginfo,v Records programs for validating/logging `ccvvss ttaagg' and `ccvvss rrttaagg' operations. 26 CVS(1) CVS(1) MODULE/Attic Directory for removed source files. #cvs.lock A lock directory created by ccvvss when doing sensi tive changes to the source repository. #cvs.tfl._p_i_d Temporary lock file for repository. #cvs.rfl._p_i_d A read lock. #cvs.wfl._p_i_d A write lock. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS CVSROOT Should contain the full pathname to the root of the ccvvss source repository (where the RCS files are kept). This information must be available to ccvvss for most commands to execute; if CVSROOT is not set, or if you wish to override it for one invoca tion, you can supply it on the command line: `ccvvss --dd _c_v_s_r_o_o_t _c_v_s___c_o_m_m_a_n_d......' You may not need to set CVSROOT if your ccvvss binary has the right path com piled in; use `ccvvss --vv' to display all compiled-in paths. CVSREAD If this is set, cchheecckkoouutt and uuppddaattee will try hard to make the files in your working directory read- only. When this is not set, the default behavior is to permit modification of your working files. RCSBIN Specifies the full pathname where to find RCS pro grams, such as ccoo(11) and ccii(11) (CVS 1.9 and older). CVSEDITOR Specifies the program to use for recording log mes sages during ccoommmmiitt. If not set, the VISUAL and EDITOR environment variables are tried (in that order). If neither is set, a system-dependent default editor (e.g., vvii) is used. CVS_IGNORE_REMOTE_ROOT If this variable is set then ccvvss will ignore all references to remote repositories in the CVS/Root file. CVS_RSH ccvvss uses the contents of this variable to determine the name of the remote shell command to use when starting a ccvvss server. If this variable is not set 27 CVS(1) CVS(1) then `rrsshh' is used. CVS_SERVER ccvvss uses the contents of this variable to determine the name of the ccvvss server command. If this vari able is not set then `ccvvss' is used. CVSWRAPPERS This variable is used by the `ccvvsswwrraappppeerrss' script to determine the name of the wrapper file, in addi tion to the wrappers defaults contained in the repository (CVSROOT/cvswrappers) and the user's home directory (~/.cvswrappers). AAUUTTHHOORRSS Dick Grune Original author of the ccvvss shell script version posted to ccoommpp..ssoouurrcceess..uunniixx in the volume6 release of December, 1986. Credited with much of the ccvvss conflict resolution algorithms. Brian Berliner Coder and designer of the ccvvss program itself in April, 1989, based on the original work done by Dick. Jeff Polk Helped Brian with the design of the ccvvss module and vendor branch support and author of the cchheecckkiinn(11) shell script (the ancestor of `ccvvss iimmppoorrtt'). And many others too numerous to mention here. SSEEEE AALLSSOO The most comprehensive manual for CVS is Version Manage ment with CVS by Per Cederqvist et al. Depending on your system, you may be able to get it with the iinnffoo ccvvss com mand or it may be available as cvs.ps (postscript), cvs.texinfo (texinfo source), or cvs.html. For CVS updates, more information on documentation, soft ware related to CVS, development of CVS, and more, see: hhttttpp::////wwwwww..ccyycclliicc..ccoomm hhttttpp::////wwwwww..lloorriiaa..ffrr//~~mmoollllii//ccvvss--iinnddeexx..hhttmmll ccii(11), ccoo(11), ccvvss(55), ccvvssbbuugg(88), ddiiffff(11), ggrreepp(11), ppaattcchh(11), rrccss(11), rrccssddiiffff(11), rrccssmmeerrggee(11), rrlloogg(11). 28